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History Of PhilosophyCLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY
November 15, 2023

PLATO

Plato (427–347 BC) was born into a powerful family in Athens but abandoned politics after the execution of his teacher, Socrates; he subsequently traveled, became influenced by the Pythagoreans, and…
History Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

ATOMISM

Atomism was founded by Leucippus (who flourished around 440 BC) but was primarily elaborated by Democritus (c. 460-370 BC) as a way of reconciling the Eleatic doctrine of the impossibility…
PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 27, 2023

INTRODUCTORY LOGIC TEXTS

There are some fairly firm distinctions between critical thinking and formal (symbolic) logic texts. Whereas critical thinking focuses broadly on argumentation, formal logic is the study of the principles of…
Logic
November 15, 2023

BASIC LOGICAL SYMBOLS

¬ one-place logical connective read as “not” or as “is not the case” ~ alternative notation for “not” & two-place logical connective read as “and” ˄ and
Logic
November 15, 2023

INTUITIONISM

One of the most familiar non-classical logics is intuitionism, which, in simple terms, is based upon the rejection of the law of excluded middle: (P ∨ ¬P). There are both…
Traditional Branches of PhilosophyPhilosophy Branches
December 12, 2023

AESTHETICS

Aesthetics is concerned with the nature of art (whether visual, literary, dramatic, or in some other medium) and the way in which art is experienced. Two principal related issues, therefore,…
Philosophy BranchesTraditional Branches of Philosophy
December 12, 2023

ETHICS

Ethics is the study of morality and can be divided into three main areas of inquiry. Descriptive ethics concerns the actual moral beliefs held by specific individuals or societies and…
NON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONSHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

AFRICAN PHILOSOPHY

The earliest indigenous African philosophy to produce written documents emerged during the seventeenth century, especially in Ethiopia. Zera Yacob (1599–1692), whose Hatata (1667) has been compared to René Descartes’ Discourse…
Writing Philosophy
November 23, 2023

GOOD PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING

BASICS OF GOOD PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING: A DEEPER DIVE Having surveyed the elements of good writing from 30,000 feet, let’s swoop in on some of the most important specifics. This means…
NON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONSHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

MIDDLE EASTERN TRADITIONS

As the Middle East is often called the cradle of civilization, it is also the source of some of the earliest philosophical literature. Much of it is devoted to what…
POST-KANTIAN PHILOSOPHYHistory Of Philosophy
November 15, 2023

HEGELIANISM

One common theme in post-Kantian philosophy was an attempt to overcome the remaining divisions between noumena and phenomena, and to reconcile the distinct faculties of sensibility and understanding in to…
FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGWriting Philosophy
November 20, 2023

FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING

The word essay comes from the French infinitive verb essayer, meaning “to try” or “to attempt.” In fact, when the word was first borrowed into the English language, as essay,…
Writing Philosophy
November 24, 2023

WHAT IS GOOD WRITING?

What is good music? What is good art? What is good writing? Such questions unleash many opinions. The branch of traditional philosophy called Aesthetics is devoted to answering such questions…
Philosophy Branches
December 12, 2023

BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY

Philosophy embraces the most ambitious field of inquiry—the universe, including the self and everything both physical and metaphysical. It is impossible to list all the branches of philosophy, which are…
PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 23, 2023

PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT

ESSENTIAL READING IN THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY BOOKS TO GUIDE NOVICE PHILOSOPHY STUDENTS INTRODUCTORY PHILOSOPHY TEXTS GUIDES TO PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING INTRODUCTORY LOGIC TEXTS CRITICAL THINKING AND LOGIC TEXTBOOKS

Books

  • A Brief History of Thought: A Philosophical Guide to Living (Learning to Live)

    $12.29
  • The Gay Science: or The Joyful Wisdom

    $7.14
  • Pensées (Dover Thrift Editions: Philosophy)

    $7.00
  • Metafisica 4 en 1, Vol. I (Spanish Edition)

    $16.60
  • Finite and Infinite Games: A Vision of Life As Play and Possibility

    $77.00
  • Textos sobre la caballería espiritual – Las cuarenta estaciones del alma (Spanish Edition)

    $15.82
  • Pensees

    $7.95
  • The Enchiridion: Adapted for the Contemporary Reader

    $29.99
  • Stoicism: The Essential Guide to Stoicism Philosophy, Wisdom, and History (Stoic Life & Principles)

    $16.99
  • Aristotle’s Revenge: The Metaphysical Foundations of Physical and Biological Science

    $29.90
  • Letters from a Stoic (Penguin Classics)

    $9.99
  • Beyond Good and Evil (Penguin Classics)

    $10.49
  • Meditations

    $3.28
  • Trauma Informed CBT: Your Guide to Free from Trauma Informed CBT|Deal with Stress, Anxiety & Face The World |Appreciate Yourself Today

    $7.99
  • Gödel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid

    $14.99
  • Everyone is Batsh*t Crazy: How to Overcome Adversity and Achieve Success in Life

    $12.95

Terms & Concepts

D

Derivation

A formal proof enlisting logical rules. https://youtube.com/shorts/v8VC3PLOu3s?feature=share
E

Eudaimonia

Ancient Greek concept of “happiness” or “flourishing” as the ultimate justification of ethical activity; usually explicated in terms of the exercise of (public) virtue as part of the overall fulfilment…
T

Transcendental ego

Kant’s term for the basic logical fact of one’s own self-consciousness. Also: That which is necessary for a unified, empirical self-consciousness, and which synthesizes sensations in concert with the categories…
I
Imperative
T
Theory-ladenness of observation
A
Abstract
C
Cosmological argument
B
Belief
V
Valid argument
D
Disjunction elimination
P
Principle of equal liberty
A
Ad hominem argument
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