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Founded by Antisthenes (c. 445–360 BC), who taught the importance of individual virtue over material luxury, Cynicism was contemptuous of political institutions and organized religion. It rejected refined philosophical speculation…

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History Of Philosophy CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY

November 15, 2023

PLATO

Plato (427–347 BC) was born into a powerful family in Athens but abandoned politics after the execution of his teacher, Socrates; he subsequently traveled, became influenced by the Pythagoreans, and…

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Logic

November 15, 2023

NON-CLASSICAL LOGIC

While both the predicate calculus and the modal propositional calculus may be seen as extensions of the basic propositional calculus, there are also a variety of formal languages intended as…

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History Of Philosophy

November 15, 2023

ATOMISM

Atomism was founded by Leucippus (who flourished around 440 BC) but was primarily elaborated by Democritus (c. 460-370 BC) as a way of reconciling the Eleatic doctrine of the impossibility…

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FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING

November 20, 2023

THE ESSAY OF AFFIRMATION

The essay of affirmation takes the position I agree. If you want to write an essay agreeing with—affirming—the ideas of another, such as a philosopher, a simple statement of agreement…

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Logic

November 15, 2023

MANY-VALUE LOGICS

In the classical logics already discussed, the logical connectives are taken to be bivalent—that is, they allow of only two different truth values: true and false. One natural extension to…

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Modern Branches of Philosophy Philosophy Branches

November 14, 2023

HERMENEUTICS

Originally applied to scriptural exegesis (interpretation), hermeneutics is more generally the theory and method of all “textual” interpretation. In the modern context, this refers to both verbal and non-verbal “texts”…

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CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY History Of Philosophy

November 15, 2023

PHENOMENOLOGY

As originally developed by Edmund Husserl (1859–1938), phenomenology seeks to provide a detailed description of the way in which things are presented to us—that is to say, phenomena —in an…

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Writing Philosophy

November 24, 2023

WRITING IS CENTRAL TO PHILOSOPHY

For the great majority of us, writing is instrumental to thinking. Since it is reasonable to describe philosophy as the application of disciplined thought to a variety of topics, issues,…

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Philosophy Branches Traditional Branches of Philosophy

December 12, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF LAW

The philosophy of law is concerned with all aspects of theoretical reflection on laws and legal systems and therefore encompasses historical and sociological studies in addition to the philosophical questions…

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FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING Writing Philosophy

November 19, 2023

OTHER CATEGORIZATIONS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING

There are other ways of classifying the forms of philosophic writing you may be asked to produce. The most prominent of these are: The Expository Paper The Argumentative Paper The…

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History Of Philosophy

November 15, 2023

CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY

The Classical Period in philosophy was dominated by the teachings of Plato (427–347 BC) and Aristotle (384–322 BC) but gradually fell into a decline following the conquest of the independent…

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CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY History Of Philosophy

November 15, 2023

STOICISM

Founded by Zeno of Citium (334–262 BC), early Stoicism shared many similarities with Epicureanism, including the belief that the world was largely deterministic and that the overall goal of the…

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FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING Writing Philosophy

November 19, 2023

THE POSITION PAPER

A position paper may be viewed as a type of argumentative paper in that it states a claim—your position—concerning a topic, issue, or question and presents a justification for that…

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PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT

November 27, 2023

CRITICAL THINKING AND LOGIC TEXTBOOKS

Textbooks on critical thinking and logic.

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By Philosophy Student In CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY

STOICISM

Founded by Zeno of Citium (334–262 BC), early Stoicism shared many similarities with Epicureanism, including the belief that the world…

Logic

QUANTUM LOGIC

Logic

RELEVANCE LOGICS

Logic

INTUITIONISM

Logic

HIGHER-ORDER LOGICS

Logic

PREDICATE CALCULUS (PREDICATE LOGIC)

Logic

MANY-VALUE LOGICS

Books

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Mastering The Stoic Way Of Life: Improve Your Mental Toughness, Self-Discipline, and Productivity with Ancient Stoic Wisdom
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Living from the Soul: The 7 Spiritual Principles of Ralph Waldo Emerson
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The Consolation of Philosophy
$12.99
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Existential Rationalism: Handling Hume’s Fork (Unlock Tao)
$14.95
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We Are Not Alone: A Maimonidean Theology of the Other
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Autobiography of John Stuart Mill
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Self-Reliance and Other Essays (Dover Thrift Editions: Philosophy)
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Descartes: The Essential Collection
$19.99
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For F*ck’s Sake: Why Swearing is Shocking, Rude, and Fun
$21.95
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The Hermetica: The Lost Wisdom of the Pharaohs (Unabridged)
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The Little Book of Philosophy: An Introduction to the Key Thinkers and Theories You Need to Know
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Joseph Butler: The Analogy of Religion
$27.99
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The Bounds of Sense: An Essay on Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason (Routledge Classics)
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The Adventure of French Philosophy
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A Thousand Names for Joy: Living in Harmony with the Way Things Are
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Letting Go: The Pathway of Surrender
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The Atomos Blog

Atomos

How do you get from a singularity to infinity?

Philosophy Student

Atomos

Philosophy of Physics PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Philosophy of Science: An Introduction

Philosophy Student

Arity

In formal logic, the number of arguments (see Argument) a predicate takes. https://youtube.com/shorts/yFjoEFUMImY?feature=share

Communism

The political theory derived from Marx’s argument in favor of a class war that would result in publicly owned property and “each works and is supported according to his abilities…

Superaltern

On the Aristotelian or traditional square of opposition, the relation between a universal claimand its corresponding particular (subaltern). https://youtube.com/shorts/ZAf-BP92auc?feature=share

First principles

Consistent

Phenomenology

Maxim

Dialectic

Deductive system

Predicate

Sufficient condition

Logical equivalence (logically equivalent statements)

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CYNICISM

PLATO

NON-CLASSICAL LOGIC

ATOMISM

THE ESSAY OF AFFIRMATION

MANY-VALUE LOGICS

HERMENEUTICS

PHENOMENOLOGY

WRITING IS CENTRAL TO PHILOSOPHY

PHILOSOPHY OF LAW

OTHER CATEGORIZATIONS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING

CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY

STOICISM

THE POSITION PAPER

CRITICAL THINKING AND LOGIC TEXTBOOKS

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Books

biographies

Recent Posts

The Atomos Blog

Logic

Books

Mastering The Stoic Way Of Life: Improve Your Mental Toughness, Self-Discipline, and Productivity with Ancient Stoic Wisdom

Living from the Soul: The 7 Spiritual Principles of Ralph Waldo Emerson

The Consolation of Philosophy

Existential Rationalism: Handling Hume’s Fork (Unlock Tao)

We Are Not Alone: A Maimonidean Theology of the Other

Autobiography of John Stuart Mill

Self-Reliance and Other Essays (Dover Thrift Editions: Philosophy)

Descartes: The Essential Collection

For F*ck’s Sake: Why Swearing is Shocking, Rude, and Fun

The Hermetica: The Lost Wisdom of the Pharaohs (Unabridged)

The Little Book of Philosophy: An Introduction to the Key Thinkers and Theories You Need to Know

Joseph Butler: The Analogy of Religion

The Bounds of Sense: An Essay on Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason (Routledge Classics)

The Adventure of French Philosophy

A Thousand Names for Joy: Living in Harmony with the Way Things Are

Letting Go: The Pathway of Surrender

The Atomos Blog

How do you get from a singularity to infinity?

How do you get from a singularity to infinity?

When the Light of a Dead Star Touches Your Eye

The Threshold

Can Math Prove Its Own Sanity? — A Deep Dive into Artemov’s Landmark Paper

What Does the Mind Really Mean?

The Symphony of Existence: Strings, Dimensions, and the Persistence of Identity

Does It Feel Like Anything To Be Claude?

Natural Function and Perceptual Content

Philosophy of Law: An Introduction

Philosophy of Science: An Introduction

Aesthetics: An Introduction

Epistemology: An Introduction

Ethics: An Introduction

Logic: An Introduction

Metaphysics: An Introduction

Philosophy of Science: An Introduction

The Atomos Blog

Terms & Concepts

Arity

Communism

Superaltern

First principles

Consistent

Phenomenology

Maxim

Dialectic

Deductive system

Predicate

Sufficient condition

Logical equivalence (logically equivalent statements)

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