MANY-VALUE LOGICS
In the classical logics already discussed, the logical connectives are taken to be bivalent—that is, they allow of only two different truth values: true and false. One natural extension to…
THE PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING PROCESS
Writing is work, and for many of us, writing is hard work. Writing philosophy adds to this labor an element…
Read More
ARISTOTLE
ARISTOTLE
Aristotle (384–322 BC) was born in Stagira but moved to Athens as a young man to study at Plato’s Academy. Following Plato’s death, Aristotle traveled, became tutor to Alexander the…
PHILOSOPHY OF LAW
PHILOSOPHY OF LAW
The philosophy of law is concerned with all aspects of theoretical reflection on laws and legal systems and therefore encompasses historical and sociological studies in addition to the philosophical questions…
WRITING IS CENTRAL TO PHILOSOPHY
WRITING IS CENTRAL TO PHILOSOPHY
For the great majority of us, writing is instrumental to thinking. Since it is reasonable to describe philosophy as the application of disciplined thought to a variety of topics, issues,…
INTRODUCTORY PHILOSOPHY TEXTS
INTRODUCTORY PHILOSOPHY TEXTS
There is no substitute for grappling primary sources. Nevertheless, secondary sources—including scholarly research, literary reviews, historical summaries—are valuable tools. They not only show you how you can begin thinking about…
POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY
POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY
Political philosophy is at least as old as Plato (428/227 or 424/423-348/347 BC) and is concerned with the nature of the state and, more broadly, with coercive institutions, and their…
HIGHER-ORDER LOGICS
HIGHER-ORDER LOGICS
The language sketched above is better referred to as first-order predicate calculus, as the language only quantifies over (first-order) individuals. A stronger language, second-order predicate calculus, can therefore be constructed…
THE PERSONAL ESSAY
THE PERSONAL ESSAY
The personal essay is a self-reflective search for meaning. Unlike most philosophical writing, it is not argumentative. Instead, it is exploratory and speculative, often even somewhat confessional. It is typically…
THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD
THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD
Philosophical thought during the Enlightenment was characterized by a rejection of existing sources of authority. The broadly Aristotelean scientific worldview was undermined by a period of scientific revolution—conventionally beginning with…
PHILOSOPHIES OF EAST ASIA
PHILOSOPHIES OF EAST ASIA
The dominant philosophical traditions in this part of the world began in Ancient China from the sixth century to 221 BC, which saw the development of China’s great philosophical movements…
STRATEGIC WRITING CHOICES FOR PHILOSOPHY CLASS
STRATEGIC WRITING CHOICES FOR PHILOSOPHY CLASS
Writing philosophy should not be easy, but you cannot allow it to become impossible. Here are five strategic rules of thumb for embarking on a successful writing project for philosophy…
INTUITIONISM
INTUITIONISM
One of the most familiar non-classical logics is intuitionism, which, in simple terms, is based upon the rejection of the law of excluded middle: (P ∨ ¬P). There are both…
PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE
PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE
The study of natural languages is conventionally divided among questions of syntax, semantics, and pragmatics, all of which raise significant issues for the philosophy of language. In terms of syntax…
HERMENEUTICS
HERMENEUTICS
Originally applied to scriptural exegesis (interpretation), hermeneutics is more generally the theory and method of all “textual” interpretation. In the modern context, this refers to both verbal and non-verbal “texts”…
ORDINARY LANGUAGE PHILOSOPHY
ORDINARY LANGUAGE PHILOSOPHY
Between the 1940s and the 1960s, analytic philosophy shifted away from investigating the (supposed) underlying logical structure of language. While it was still primarily concerned with conceptual analysis, this was…
-
Discipline Is Destiny: The Power of Self-Control (The Stoic Virtues Series)
$15.99
-
Stillness Is the Key
$7.99
-
Right Thing, Right Now: Justice in an Unjust World (The Stoic Virtues Series)
$28.00
-
How to Think Like a Roman Emperor: The Stoic Philosophy of Marcus Aurelius
$13.12
-
Letters from a Stoic: Penguin Classics
$14.52
Books
-
Levels of Organic Life and the Human: An Introduction to Philosophical Anthropology (Forms of Living)
$35.00 -
The Labyrinth: An Existential Odyssey with Jean-Paul Sartre
$16.99 -
The Symposium and Other Dialogues
$12.00 -
Tao Of Pooh
$9.80 -
Woke, Inc.: Inside Corporate America’s Social Justice Scam
$12.46 -
The Saad Truth about Happiness: 8 Secrets for Leading the Good Life
$24.36 -
Critique of Pure Reason (The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant)
$49.28 -
The Adventure of French Philosophy
$24.95 -
The Question of God: C.S. Lewis and Sigmund Freud Debate God, Love, Sex, and the Meaning of Life
$12.15 -
How to Think Like a Roman Emperor
$13.59 -
The Prince (Penguin Classics)
$3.40 -
The Prophet (A Borzoi Book)
$16.00 -
Beyond Good and Evil: The Philosophy Classic (Capstone Classics)
$9.99 -
Cynical Theories: How Activist Scholarship Made Everything about Race, Gender, and Identity―and Why This Harms Everybody
$15.69 -
Posthuman Feminism
$74.95 -
On Liberty
$8.99
The Atomos Blog
When the Light of a Dead Star Touches Your Eye
When the Light of a Dead Star Touches Your Eye
When the Light of a Dead Star Touches Your Eye
When the Light of a Dead Star Touches Your Eye
The Threshold
The Threshold
Can Math Prove Its Own Sanity? — A Deep Dive into Artemov’s Landmark Paper
Can Math Prove Its Own Sanity? — A Deep Dive into Artemov’s Landmark Paper
What Does the Mind Really Mean?
What Does the Mind Really Mean?
The Symphony of Existence: Strings, Dimensions, and the Persistence of Identity
The Symphony of Existence: Strings, Dimensions, and the Persistence of Identity
Does It Feel Like Anything To Be Claude?
Does It Feel Like Anything To Be Claude?
Natural Function and Perceptual Content
Natural Function and Perceptual Content
Philosophy of Law: An Introduction
Philosophy of Law: An Introduction
Philosophy of Science: An Introduction
Philosophy of Science: An Introduction
Aesthetics: An Introduction
Aesthetics: An Introduction
Epistemology: An Introduction
Epistemology: An Introduction
Ethics: An Introduction
Ethics: An Introduction
Logic: An Introduction
Logic: An Introduction
Metaphysics: An Introduction
Metaphysics: An Introduction
Philosophy of History: An Introduction
Philosophy of History: An Introduction
Aesthetics: An Introduction
Aesthetics: An Introduction
Terms & Concepts
Duhem-Quine Thesis
The claim that since physical theories are never tested in isolation and any experimental failure can always be accommodated by making adjustments among the auxiliary theories involved. It follows from…
Valid argument
An evaluation term for an argument whose conclusion cannot be false if the premises are true.A valid argument’s evaluation derives from its form, rather than its content. Hence, a valid…
View All
