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Philosophical thought during the Enlightenment was characterized by a rejection of existing sources of authority. The broadly Aristotelean scientific worldview was undermined by a period of scientific revolution—conventionally beginning with…

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Writing Philosophy

November 24, 2023

WRITING IS CENTRAL TO PHILOSOPHY

For the great majority of us, writing is instrumental to thinking. Since it is reasonable to describe philosophy as the application of disciplined thought to a variety of topics, issues,…

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PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT

November 27, 2023

ESSENTIAL READING IN THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY

A comprehensive list of essential readings in the history of philosophy.

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Philosophy Branches Traditional Branches of Philosophy

December 12, 2023

ETHICS

Ethics is the study of morality and can be divided into three main areas of inquiry. Descriptive ethics concerns the actual moral beliefs held by specific individuals or societies and…

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MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHY History Of Philosophy

November 15, 2023

SAINT AUGUSTINE

Like his contemporaries, Saint Augustine (354–430) was primarily influenced by Neoplatonism, and, indeed, credited Plotinus with helping him to understand Christian theology.

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Logic

November 15, 2023

PREDICATE CALCULUS (PREDICATE LOGIC)

The next development of the propositional calculus is the predicate calculus. This considers the logical relationships that hold between predicate expressions, along with the quantifiers ∃x (“there is at least…

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Philosophy Branches

December 12, 2023

BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY

Philosophy embraces the most ambitious field of inquiry—the universe, including the self and everything both physical and metaphysical. It is impossible to list all the branches of philosophy, which are…

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FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING Writing Philosophy

November 19, 2023

THE ARGUMENTATIVE PAPER

Essays of assertion, affirmation, and refutation are all examples of the argumentative paper. An effective argument relies on factually true premises or premises for which you have strong support.

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WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?

November 12, 2023

WHAT IS THE “SUBJECT MATTER” OF PHILOSOPHY

“There is a common misunderstanding that philosophy—like chemistry or history—has a content to offer, a content that a teacher is to teach and a student is to learn,” writes Professor…

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CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY History Of Philosophy

November 15, 2023

EXISTENTIALISM

A broad philosophical and literary movement that flourished during the first half of the twentieth century, Existentialism emphasized the uniqueness of human experience over the generalizations of traditional scientific or…

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History Of Philosophy

November 15, 2023

CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY

The Classical Period in philosophy was dominated by the teachings of Plato (427–347 BC) and Aristotle (384–322 BC) but gradually fell into a decline following the conquest of the independent…

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Traditional Branches of Philosophy Philosophy Branches

December 12, 2023

LOGIC

Logic is concerned with studying the inferences we make, and the formal languages developed to systematize those inferences. This includes both the proof-theories and semantics for these languages, as well…

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CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY History Of Philosophy

November 15, 2023

STRUCTURALISM

Structuralism refers to research undertaken in the social sciences, predominantly in France, between the 1950s and 1970s, which sought to understand various social phenomena as a “closed system” of elements.

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History Of Philosophy ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHY

November 15, 2023

ORDINARY LANGUAGE PHILOSOPHY

Between the 1940s and the 1960s, analytic philosophy shifted away from investigating the (supposed) underlying logical structure of language. While it was still primarily concerned with conceptual analysis, this was…

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Logic

November 15, 2023

RELEVANCE LOGICS

A relevance logic is motivated by the idea that the premises of a valid argument must be somehow “relevant” to its conclusion. The idea is motivated by the fact that…

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By Philosophy Student In POST-KANTIAN PHILOSOPHY

HEGELIANISM

One common theme in post-Kantian philosophy was an attempt to overcome the remaining divisions between noumena and phenomena, and to…

Logic

RELEVANCE LOGICS

Logic

PREDICATE CALCULUS (PREDICATE LOGIC)

Logic

MODAL LOGIC

Logic

BASIC LOGICAL SYMBOLS

Logic

PROPOSITIONAL CALCULUS (PROPOSITIONAL LOGIC)

Logic

MANY-VALUE LOGICS

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Self Reliance
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Between Two Worlds: A Reading of Descartes’s Meditations
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How to Know a Person: The Art of Seeing Others Deeply and Being Deeply Seen (Random House Large Print)
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The Question of God: C.S. Lewis and Sigmund Freud Debate God, Love, Sex, and the Meaning of Life
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The Claim of Reason: Wittgenstein, Skepticism, Morality, and Tragedy
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Stoicism: A Stoic Approach To Modern Life
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The 48 Laws of Power
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Truth & Generosity: How Truth Makes Language Possible
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Selective Breeding and the Birth of Philosophy
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Many Lives, Many Masters: The True Story of a Prominent Psychiatrist, His Young Patient, and the Past-Life Therapy That Changed Both Their Lives
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Before the Afterlife: Developing the Essential Self
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Religious Revelation (Palgrave Frontiers in Philosophy of Religion)
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Morality for Humans: Ethical Understanding from the Perspective of Cognitive Science
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A Semiotic Theory of Community: Josiah Royce’s Absolute Pragmatism (American Philosophy Series)
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To Have or To Be? (Bloomsbury Revelations)
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Letters on Natural Philosophy: The Scientific Correspondence of a Sixteenth-Century Pharmacist, with Related Texts (Volume 77) (The Other Voice in Early Modern Europe: The Toronto Series)
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The Atomos Blog

Atomos

How do you get from a singularity to infinity?

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Philosophy of Physics PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Philosophy of Science: An Introduction

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Prima facie

“On the face of it,” or that which is ostensibly the case at first glance. https://youtube.com/shorts/7hkRCXlT4Ys?feature=share

Inference

Also known as a conclusion, an inference is the result of an evidence-based reasoning process. https://youtube.com/shorts/jzHD58TKepI?feature=share

Reflective equilibrium

A method for justifying a set of beliefs by the simultaneous adjustment of initial principles and resulting theories. For instance, Nelson Goodman (1906-1998) argued that we can justify a particular…

Infinite regress (or regression)

Tautological consequence

Absurdity

Will to power

Historicism

Semiotics

Determinism

Prisoner’s Dilemma

Possible world

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THE EARLY MODERN PERIOD

WRITING IS CENTRAL TO PHILOSOPHY

ESSENTIAL READING IN THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY

ETHICS

SAINT AUGUSTINE

PREDICATE CALCULUS (PREDICATE LOGIC)

BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY

THE ARGUMENTATIVE PAPER

WHAT IS THE “SUBJECT MATTER” OF PHILOSOPHY

EXISTENTIALISM

CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHY

LOGIC

STRUCTURALISM

ORDINARY LANGUAGE PHILOSOPHY

RELEVANCE LOGICS

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The Atomos Blog

Logic

Books

Self Reliance

Between Two Worlds: A Reading of Descartes’s Meditations

How to Know a Person: The Art of Seeing Others Deeply and Being Deeply Seen (Random House Large Print)

The Question of God: C.S. Lewis and Sigmund Freud Debate God, Love, Sex, and the Meaning of Life

The Claim of Reason: Wittgenstein, Skepticism, Morality, and Tragedy

Stoicism: A Stoic Approach To Modern Life

The 48 Laws of Power

Truth & Generosity: How Truth Makes Language Possible

Selective Breeding and the Birth of Philosophy

Many Lives, Many Masters: The True Story of a Prominent Psychiatrist, His Young Patient, and the Past-Life Therapy That Changed Both Their Lives

Before the Afterlife: Developing the Essential Self

Religious Revelation (Palgrave Frontiers in Philosophy of Religion)

Morality for Humans: Ethical Understanding from the Perspective of Cognitive Science

A Semiotic Theory of Community: Josiah Royce’s Absolute Pragmatism (American Philosophy Series)

To Have or To Be? (Bloomsbury Revelations)

Letters on Natural Philosophy: The Scientific Correspondence of a Sixteenth-Century Pharmacist, with Related Texts (Volume 77) (The Other Voice in Early Modern Europe: The Toronto Series)

The Atomos Blog

How do you get from a singularity to infinity?

How do you get from a singularity to infinity?

When the Light of a Dead Star Touches Your Eye

The Threshold

Can Math Prove Its Own Sanity? — A Deep Dive into Artemov’s Landmark Paper

What Does the Mind Really Mean?

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Natural Function and Perceptual Content

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Epistemology: An Introduction

Ethics: An Introduction

Logic: An Introduction

Metaphysics: An Introduction

Philosophy of Science: An Introduction

The Atomos Blog

Terms & Concepts

Prima facie

Inference

Reflective equilibrium

Infinite regress (or regression)

Tautological consequence

Absurdity

Will to power

Historicism

Semiotics

Determinism

Prisoner’s Dilemma

Possible world

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