FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITINGWriting PhilosophyFORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING
November 20, 2023

FORMS OF PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING

The word essay comes from the French infinitive verb essayer, meaning “to try” or “to attempt.” In fact, when the word was first borrowed into the English language, as essay,…
MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of PhilosophyTHOMISM
November 15, 2023

THOMISM

A school of thought based on the work of Saint Thomas Aquinas (1225–1274), Thomism is, like Scholasticism, principally concerned with metaphysics and understanding the attributes of God.
NON-WESTERN PHILOSOPHICAL TRADITIONSHistory Of PhilosophyPHILOSOPHIES OF EAST ASIA
November 15, 2023

PHILOSOPHIES OF EAST ASIA

The dominant philosophical traditions in this part of the world began in Ancient China from the sixth century to 221 BC, which saw the development of China’s great philosophical movements…
ANALYTIC PHILOSOPHYHistory Of PhilosophyLOGICAL ATOMISM
November 15, 2023

LOGICAL ATOMISM

Although mostly associated with the logical analysis of language, analytic philosophy began in the philosophy of mathematics. Working independently, both Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell pursued programs of reducing mathematics…
THE EARLY MODERN PERIODHistory Of PhilosophyLIBERALISM
November 15, 2023

LIBERALISM

A political philosophy whose central claim is that a government’s authority is justified only insofar as it secures the liberty of its subjects, Liberalism is generally traced to John Locke…
CLASSICAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of PhilosophySTOICISM
November 15, 2023

STOICISM

Founded by Zeno of Citium (334–262 BC), early Stoicism shared many similarities with Epicureanism, including the belief that the world was largely deterministic and that the overall goal of the…
PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXTBOOKS TO GUIDE NOVICE PHILOSOPHY STUDENTS
November 27, 2023

BOOKS TO GUIDE NOVICE PHILOSOPHY STUDENTS

This list is aimed at curating those texts that will both challenge a novice researcher, and continually reward repeated encounters as you develop your philosophical interests.
PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXTINTRODUCTORY LOGIC TEXTS
November 27, 2023

INTRODUCTORY LOGIC TEXTS

There are some fairly firm distinctions between critical thinking and formal (symbolic) logic texts. Whereas critical thinking focuses broadly on argumentation, formal logic is the study of the principles of…
Modern Branches of PhilosophyPhilosophy BranchesPHILOSOPHY OF MATHEMATICS
November 14, 2023

PHILOSOPHY OF MATHEMATICS

The philosophy of mathematics is traditionally concerned with the ontological and epistemological foundations of mathematics. The two questions, of ontology and epistemology, are intimately related, as a satisfactory account of…
Writing PhilosophyGRADING CRITERIA FOR PHILOSOPHY ESSAYS
November 24, 2023

GRADING CRITERIA FOR PHILOSOPHY ESSAYS

The eight skills just listed are so central to philosophical writing that we may count them among the criteria most instructors use in grading essay assignments. Keep these eight skills…
PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXTPHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT
November 23, 2023

PHILOSOPHICAL BOOKS AND TEXT

ESSENTIAL READING IN THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY BOOKS TO GUIDE NOVICE PHILOSOPHY STUDENTS INTRODUCTORY PHILOSOPHY TEXTS GUIDES TO PHILOSOPHICAL WRITING INTRODUCTORY LOGIC TEXTS CRITICAL THINKING AND LOGIC TEXTBOOKS
LogicBASIC LOGICAL SYMBOLS
November 15, 2023

BASIC LOGICAL SYMBOLS

¬ one-place logical connective read as “not” or as “is not the case” ~ alternative notation for “not” & two-place logical connective read as “and” ˄ and
MEDIEVAL PHILOSOPHYHistory Of PhilosophySAINT AUGUSTINE
November 15, 2023

SAINT AUGUSTINE

Like his contemporaries, Saint Augustine (354–430) was primarily influenced by Neoplatonism, and, indeed, credited Plotinus with helping him to understand Christian theology.
LogicINTUITIONISM
November 15, 2023

INTUITIONISM

One of the most familiar non-classical logics is intuitionism, which, in simple terms, is based upon the rejection of the law of excluded middle: (P ∨ ¬P). There are both…
WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY?PHILOSOPHY AS METHOD
November 12, 2023

PHILOSOPHY AS METHOD

Our digital age suggests a useful analogy to further explain the role of philosophy in intellectual life. Philosophy is analogous to an operating system (OS), a software platform that enables…

Books

  • American Transcendentalism: A History

    $21.66
  • Why Information Grows

    $12.79
  • Letting Go: The Pathway of Surrender

    $12.99
  • Letters from a Stoic: Penguin Classics

    $14.52
  • Master Critical Thinking for Teens: The Complete Guide to Improving Decision-Making Skills, Mastering Problem Solving, and Conquering Logical Fallacies

    $14.97
  • Metafisica 4 en 1, Vol. I (Spanish Edition)

    $16.60
  • Confessions (Penguin Classics)

    $8.99
  • Common Sense

    $3.95
  • Foucault For Beginners

    $16.99
  • The True Believer: Thoughts on the Nature of Mass Movements (Perennial Classics)

    $11.39
  • The Courage to Be

    $29.28
  • The Art of Logic in an Illogical World

    $14.29
  • The Consolation of Philosophy

    $7.95
  • Book Of Joy

    $19.10
  • The Stoic way of Life: The ultimate guide of Stoicism to make your everyday modern life Calm, Confident & Positive – Master the Art of Living, Emotional Resilience & Perseverance (Mastering Stoicism)

    $14.97
  • Theory of Form: Gerhard Richter and Art in the Pragmatist Age

    $30.00

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Philosophy of Law: An IntroductionAtomosPHILOSOPHY OF LAW

Philosophy of Law: An Introduction

Atomos EditorAtomos EditorJanuary 10, 2026
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Aesthetics: An IntroductionAESTHETICSAtomos

Aesthetics: An Introduction

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Epistemology: An Introduction

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Ethics: An IntroductionAtomosETHICS

Ethics: An Introduction

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Logic: An IntroductionAtomosLOGIC

Logic: An Introduction

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Metaphysics: An IntroductionAtomosMETAPHYSICS

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Environmental Philosophy: An IntroductionAtomosENVIRONMENTAL PHILOSOPHY

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Terms & Concepts

E

Extension

The set of things to which an expression applies; to be contrasted with the intension of anexpression (roughly, its meaning). Extension is also not the same as reference—for instance,the term…
V

Veil of ignorance

An element of John Rawls’s (1921-2002) hypothetical situation in which members of society in the original position deliberate and choose principles of justice. As they deliberate,the “veil” prevents individuals from…
S

Strong argument

An evaluation term in inductive logic, a strong argument is one in which the premises make the conclusion probably, or likely, true. https://youtube.com/shorts/2smX3wfj90A?feature=share
C
Connective
C
Consistent
D
Dutch Book Theorem
M
Minor term
D
Disjunction introduction
D
Distributive justice
D
Doubt
I
Intension
S
Standard form
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